Wakar “Yar Gagara” ta Malam A\u0199ilu Aliyu tana \u0257aya daga cikin fitattun wa\u0199o\u0199in zamani a \u0199asashen Hausa masu nazarin al’umma da \u0257abi’u. A\u0199ilu Aliyu, wanda aka fi sani da gwani a fagen sarrafa harshe da wa\u0199o\u0199in nasiha, ya yi amfani da wannan wa\u0199a wajen yin suka kan illolin karuwanci da halayen karuwa a cikin al’ummar Hausawa ta zamani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A cikin \u0198amusun Bayero (2006:149) , an bayyana kalmar “‘Yar Gagara” da cewa “fan\u0257ararriyar da ta faskari iyayenta.” Wannan ma’anar, duk da cewa tana da muhimmanci, ba ta isa ta iya \u0257aukar dukkan abin da A\u0199ilu ya zuba a cikin wa\u0199arsa ba. Wa\u0199ar ta \u0199unshi baitoci saba’in da shida (76) wa\u0257anda suke zayyana halaye da dabi’u iri-iri na karuwa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Abin lura a nan shi ne, A\u0199ilu bai yi dogon mabu\u0257i ba kamar yadda wasu mawa\u0199a suke yi. Bayan ya ambaci sunan Allah a layin farko, sai ya shiga cikin maganar kai tsaye. Wannan na nuni da irin damuwar da take masa, da kuma gaggawar da yake yi na fa\u0257ar abin da yake gani a cikin al’umma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Babban jigon da ya zubo a cikin wannan wa\u0199a shi ne sukar karuwanci da bayyana illolinsa a cikin al’umma. A\u0199ilu ya yi amfani da dabarar tara bayanai ne wajen gina wannan jigo. Ba ya yin hujja kawai, sai dai ya tara siffofi masu nauyi da yawa har mai karatu ya gaji da munin abin da ake masa bayani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tun a farkon wa\u0199ar, muna iya ganin yadda ya fito da wannan jigo a sarari:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. To, bisimilla da fara fa\u0257ata,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Zan magana bisa jakar birni.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Mai fitina, mai \u0199aryar banza,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba ta nufin zikiri sai batsa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Mai lalata, mai ragaita,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Mai \u0257imbin rigima ta makwalla.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Karuwa ba ta nufin ta yi aure,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kai dai bar ta a sa\u0253on Sarki.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Sunayenta akwai su da dama,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ni ‘Yar Gagara shi na ruwaito.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Dabarar da A\u0199ilu ya yi amfani da ita a nan ita ce tara la\u0199abi da siffofi masu muni: mai fitina, mai \u0199aryar banza, mai lalata, mai ragaita. Wannan salon na tara abubuwa yana sa mai karatu ko mai sauraro ya ji nauyin abin da ake fa\u0257a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u0199ilu ya tsara wa\u0199arsa ne bisa tsari mai ma’ana, inda kowane sashi yake ginawa a kan wanda ya gabace shi. Nazarin tsarin wa\u0199ar zai nuna mana irin fasahar da ya mallaka wajen gina wa\u0199a mai \u0199arfi:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mabu\u0257i<\/strong> – 1 Fara wa\u0199a da sunan Allah<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bayyana Halaye<\/strong> – 2-6 Fito da munanan dabi’un karuwa<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rushewar Iyali<\/strong> – 7-9 Yadda karuwa ke haifar da fitina a tsakanin dangi<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0198ir\u0199ira Labari <\/strong>– 10-24 Yadda take shirya \u0199arya idan ta je wani gari<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dangantakar \u0198arya<\/strong> – 25-28 Yadda take danganta kanta da manyan mutane<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tsawa da Garga\u0257i<\/strong> – 29-36 Kai tsaye yi mata tsawa da garga\u0257i<\/p>\n\n\n\n Garga\u0257i ga Jama’a<\/strong> – 37-38 Garga\u0257i ga al’umma su nisance ta<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ci gaba da Suka<\/strong> – 39-47 \u0198arin bayyana munanan halayenta<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0198addara<\/strong> – 48-52 Makomarta: cuta, hauka, ko cikin shege<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0198arfafa Suka<\/strong> – 53-64 Ci gaba da nuna munin halayenta<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sa\u0253awa Umurnin Allah<\/strong> – 65-68 Yadda take aikata abin da ta ga dama<\/p>\n\n\n\n Aure da Wasa<\/strong> – 69-76 Yadda take yin wasa da aure<\/p>\n\n\n\n Wannan tsari na nuna cewa A\u0199ilu ba wai wa\u0199a kawai ya ke rubutawa ba, sai dai yana gina wa\u0199ar ne bisa tsari mai ma’ana wanda ke kai mai karatu daga mataki zuwa mataki har ya kai ga \u0199arshen abin da yake so ya fa\u0257a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u0199ilu Aliyu ya shahara a matsayin gwani wajen sarrafa harshe da yin amfani da salon adon wa\u0199a iri-iri. A cikin wannan wa\u0199a, mun samu salon dabbantarwa da kamanci da \u0199ari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dabbantarwa wani salo ne na adon harshe inda ake kwatanta mutum da dabba don nuna wani hali. A\u0199ilu ya yi amfani da wannan salo sosai a cikin wa\u0199arsa:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. To bisimilla da fara fa\u0257ata,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Zan magana bisa jakar birni.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kwatanta karuwa da jakar birni na da ma’anoni da yawa. Jaka dabba ce da ake \u0257aukar kaya da ita, kuma ana danganta jaki da wauta da taurin kai. Ta hanyar yin wannan kwatancin, A\u0199ilu yana nuna cewa karuwa ba ta da darajar mutumci, kamar dabba take. Wannan salon ya \u0199ara bayyana a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Ke, ta fi can, kinibabbar banza,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Mai kirkin baka, karyar ga\u0257a.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ga\u0257a wata karamar barewa ce da take da wuyar kamawa saboda wayonta. Ta hanyar cewa maganarta karyar ga\u0257a take, yana nuni da cewa tana da wayo wajen yaudara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kamanci wani salo ne na kwatanta abu da abu ta amfani da kalmomi kamar, gara, ta fi. A\u0199ilu ya wadata wa\u0199arsa da nau’ikan kamanci iri-iri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Shewar karuwa, tare da murna,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gara maja-ciki in yai sara.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n (Wayon karuwa da farin cikinta tamkar na maciji ne idan ya sari muyum.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Ta fi kare a \u0199azamin wargi,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ta fi kado lahani, gangama.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n (Ta fi kare rashin mutunci, ta fi kado cutarwa da hayaniya.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Gara akwara akwai ta da birki,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Cutar karuwa ba ta makanga.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n (Gwamma akwara tana da iyaka, amma cutar karuwa ba ta da magani.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Dubi idonta kamar ‘yar caca,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kar ka zata mata tsoron Sarki.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n (Idonta kamar ta ‘yar caca, kar ka yi zaton tana tsoron Sarki.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Kai ko shi \u0257in ma wata rana,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sai ta ma\u0199e shi kamar wani jauje.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n (Kai ko wani wata rana, za ta manne maka ko sarki ne.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Wannan bambancin kwatance \u2014 daga kare zuwa kado, daga akwara zuwa jauje \u2014 yana hana wa\u0199ar zama mai maimaituwa, yayin da yake ci gaba da nuna munin halin da ake suka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u0199ilu ya yi amfani da tambayoyin da ba sa neman amsa, sai dai don \u0199arfafa abin da yake fa\u0257a da kuma jawo hankalin masu sauraro. Wannan salo yana sanya mai sauraro ya yi tunani a cikin kansa ya kai ga \u0199arshen da mawa\u0199i yake so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Wa\u0199ar “Yar Gagara” wa\u0199a ce ‘yar tagwai (\u0199war biyu), wato tana da baitoci biyu a kowane sashe. Tana da jimillar baitoci saba’in da shida (76), kuma ba ta da tsayayyen amsa-amo kamar yadda ake samu a wasu wa\u0199o\u0199in gargajiya. Wannan yana ba wa mawa\u0199i damar canja salonsa yadda ya ga dama a kowane sashe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Wani abin lura a nan shi ne, bincike ya nuna cewa A\u0199ilu ya samo wannan tsari ne daga wa\u0199ar gargajiya ta Mamman Shata Katsina mai suna “Wakar Mata Ku Yi Aure” . Wannan na nuna cewa duk da kasancewar A\u0199ilu mawa\u0199in zamani ne, amma yana da tushe a cikin wa\u0199ar gargajiya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mamman Shata ya shahara da salon wa\u0199ar da ba ta da amsa-amo, inda yake canja salon saurinta a kowane sashe. A\u0199ilu ya \u0257auki wannan salon amma ya \u0199ara masa tsari da \u0199a’ida ta rubutu wadda ta sa ta zama ta musamman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Wa\u0199ar “Yar Gagara” tana \u0199unshe da darussa masu yawa da suka shafi al’umma da \u0257abi’u. Daga cikin muhimman darussan akwai:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Muhimmancin iyali:<\/strong> Wa\u0199ar ta nuna yadda halin karuwa ke iya wargaza iyali da haifar da fitina a tsakanin dangi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Sakamakon mummunan hali:<\/strong> A\u0199ilu ya bayyana a sarari cewa \u0199arshen karuwanci ba shi da kyau \u2014 ko dai cuta, ko hauka, ko haihuwar shege.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Muhimmancin girmama iyaye:<\/strong> Ta hanyar ambaton “‘Yar Gagara” a matsayin wadda ta faskari iyayenta, yana nuna muhimmancin biyayya ga iyaye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Hatsarin \u0198arya:<\/strong> An nuna yadda karuwa ke amfani da \u0199arya wajen samun daraja da kuma yaudarar mutane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Muhimmancin aure na gaskiya:<\/strong> Ta hanyar nuna yadda karuwa ke wasa da aure, A\u0199ilu yana \u0199arfafa mahimmancin aure na gaskiya bisa tsarin addini da al’ada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Wa\u0199ar “Yar Gagara” ta Malam A\u0199ilu Aliyu wata gudummawa ce mai muhimmanci a cikin adabin Hausa. Ta ha\u0257a da abubuwa da yawa: nasihar addini ta musulunci, salon wa\u0199ar gargajiya, da kuma fasahar rubutacciyar wa\u0199a ta zamani. Ta yi wannan ne ba tare da rasa \u0257an\u0257anon wa\u0199a ba, wanda ya sa take da da\u0257in karantawa da kuma nazari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Wannan wa\u0199ar amfaninta bai ta\u0199aita kawai a lokacin da aka rubuta ta ba, har ma a yau tana da darasi ga al’umma. Batun halayen karuwa da illolinsa har yanzu suna da muhimmanci a cikin tattaunawar zamantakewa a \u0199asashen Hausa. A\u0199ilu ya yi nasarar mayar da sukar al’umma wani abu na fasaha \u2014 ya \u0199ir\u0199iro wa\u0199a daga abin da zai iya zama zance kawai, ya mai da shi wani abu mai daraja wanda har yanzu ake nazari da kuma yabawa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A \u0199arshe, za a iya cewa A\u0199ilu Aliyu ya nuna \u0199warewarsa a matsayin mawa\u0199i ta hanyar yin amfani da fasahar harshe da tsarin wa\u0199a wajen isar da sa\u0199on da yake so. Wa\u0199ar “Yar Gagara” za ta ci gaba da zama abin nazari da koyarwa a cikin adabin Hausa na tsawon lokaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Garba, S. (2007). Salon Sarrafa Harshe a Wa\u0199o\u0199in A\u0199ilu Aliyu. Kundin Digiri na Uku da Ba a Buga ba, Sashen Harsunan Afirka da Al’adu, Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, Zariya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Garba, S. (2022). “Pragma-stylistic analysis of rhetorical questions in some selected poems of A\u0199ilu Aliyu.” International Journal of Arts, Languages, Linguistics and Literary Studies, 11(2)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jami’ar Bayero. (2006). \u0198amusun Hausa na Jami’ar Bayero. Kano: Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Muhammad, D. (1977). Individual talent in the Hausa poetic tradition: A study of Akilu Aliyu and his art. Kundin Digiri na Uku, Jami’ar SOAS, Landan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N.N.P.C. (1976). Fasaha A\u0199iliya. Zariya: Northern Nigeria Publishing Company.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Wakar “Yar Gagara” ta Malam A\u0199ilu Aliyu tana \u0257aya daga cikin fitattun wa\u0199o\u0199in zamani a \u0199asashen Hausa masu nazarin al’umma da \u0257abi’u. A\u0199ilu Aliyu, wanda aka fi sani da gwani a fagen sarrafa harshe da wa\u0199o\u0199in nasiha, ya yi amfani da wannan wa\u0199a wajen yin suka kan illolin karuwanci da halayen karuwa a cikin al’ummar… <\/p>\nWarware jigogin wakar da tsarinsu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Salon sarrafa harshe da adon waka<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Dabbantarwa (Zoomorphic Metaphor)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Kamanci (Simile)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Tambayoyin \u0198ararrawa (Rhetorical Questions)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Tsarin wakar da gininta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Darussan wakar da muhimmancinta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Kammalawa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Manazarta\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n