A darasin da ya gabata mun kawo jerin gwanon wuraren da dokar rubutun Hausa ta ce a yi amfani da babban baƙi. A wannan darasin kuma za mu yi duba ne kan yadda ake amfani da harufan Hausa.
(A). BAƘAƘE:- Ana yi amfani da baƙaƙe wajen rubuce-rubuce a Hausa domin kowanne rubutu da aka yi yana ƙunshe da baƙaƙe. Sai dai ana yin wasu ‘yan kurakurai a wajen rubuta kalmomi, musamman wajen sanya baƙin da ya dace, wanda zai iya kasancewa tilon baƙi ko tagwan baƙi. Ta ɓangaren tilon baƙi, waɗansu mutane na amfani da baƙin baƙaƙe wajen rubutun Hausa. Dalilin da yasa ake samun kura-kuran shi ne tasirin harshen Ingilishi da Larabci. misali:
• Larabci:- Wasu na amfani da ararrun baƙaƙe daga Larabci a wajen rubutunsu duk da cewa akwai waɗanda suka dace a yi amfani da su a Hausa. Misali a ana amfani da waɗansu baƙaƙen Larabci a rubutun Hausa irin su:
– th a maimakon s
– kh a maimakon h
– q a maimaƙon ƙ
Ga misalin yadda ake amfani da su a kalmomi.
Kuskure Daidai
alkhairi alheri
Khalifa Halifa
Khadija Hadija/Hadiza
ƙira’a ƙira’a
ƙiyasi ƙiyasi
thulusi sulusi
Uthman Usman
• Ingilishi:- Kamar harshen Larabci, wasu marubuta na amfani da ararrun baƙaƙen Ingilishi wajen rubutun Hausa duk da cewa akwai makamantansu a harshen Hausa. Misali ana amfani da waɗannan baƙaƙen Ingilishi a rubutun Hausa:
ƙ a maimakon ƙ
v a maimakon ɓ
p/ph a maimakon f
ch a maimakon c
Ga misalan yadda ake amfani da su a kalmomi.
Kuskure Daidai
Bichi Bici
Chadi Cadi
Mustapha Mustafa
qira ƙira
ɗafi zafi
Ta ɓangaren tagwan baƙi kuwa, shi ma ana samun kurakurai da dama wajen yin amfani da
su a kalmomi. Mafi yawan abin da ke faruwa shi ne a loakcin da aka zo rubuta ire-iren kalmomi masu ɗauke da tagwan baƙi a kan manta da baƙi na biyu wato baƙin da aka goya. Wannan kuma na faruwa ne saboda baƙi na farko ya fi na biyu muhimmanci. Don haka, a daidatacciyar Hausa ana kawo su duka kamar yadda Bahaushe ke furta su.
Kuskure Daidai
Gongola Gwangola
Gombe Gwambe
Sokoto Sakkwato
Kos Kwas
Gorzo Gwarzo
Kongila Kwangila
Yadakori Yadakwari
Gongozo Gwangwazo
(B). WASULA:- Akwai wasula irin biyu a Hausa wato tilo da tagwai.
– Tilon Wasali shi ne wanda furucinsa ke da siga ɗaya tak, kuma sigar ba ta sauyawa. Misali: a, e, i, o, u,
– Tagwai Wasali kuwa shi ne irin wasalin da ke da siga biyu wajen furuci. Ma’ana ana soma furucinsa da tilon wasali guda a kuma ƙare da wani tilon wasalin daban a lokaci guda. Misali: ai, au
Harshen Hausa na da tilon wasula guda goma (10), tagwai kauma guda uku (3). Don haka, jimillar wasula a daidaitacciyar Hausa guda goma sha uku ne. Daga cikin tilon wasula guda goma, biyar (5) gajeru ne, biyar (5) kuma dogaye ne kaamr haka:
Gajeru Dogaye
a aa
e ee
i ii
o oo
u uu
Dangane da tagwan wasula kuwa, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya a daidaitacciyar Hausa akwai tagwayen wasula guda uku kamar haka:
– ai = misali a kalmar laima
– au = misali a kalmar launi
– ui = misali a kalmar guiwa
Ana amfani da wasula wajen yin rubutu a Hausa inda ake haɗa su da baƙaƙe su ta da kalma. Sai dai a kan yi wasu kurakurai wajen amfani da wasula a rubutun Hausa. Kuma irin waɗannan kurakurai sun shafi abubuwa da dama kamar amfani da dogayen wasula, da wasalin ‘a’ a matsayin gaɓa da wajen amfani da tagwayen wasula da makamantansu.
• Amfani da Dogayen Wasula a Rubutun Hausa:– Zamananci ko son burgewa yasa wasu mutane yin amfani da dogayen wasula a rubutu na yau da kullum, musamman wajen rubuta sunayen mutane. Bisa ƙa’idojin rubutun daidaitacciyar Hausa ba a yarda a yi amfani da dogon wasali wajen rubutun yau da kullum ba, akan yi haka ne kawai a wajen rubutun li’irabi wato rubutun nazari domin ƙarin bayani.
Ga misalan kurakuran da ake yi wajen amfani da dogayen wasula.
Kuskure Daidai
Ameena Amina
Sadeek Sadik
Fateema Fatima
Zeenatu Zinatu
Kareema Karima
Jaabir Jabir
Shareef Sharif
Zaharaddeen Zaharadden
Ameer Amir
d.s.
• Amfani da Wasalin ‘a’ a Matsayin Gaɓar Kalma:– A wasu lokuta mutane na rubuta ‘a’ a ƙarshen wasu kalmomi a maimakon amfani da gaɓoɓin ‘wa’ da ‘ya’, musamman a wajen rubuta sunayen ƙasashe da garururwa da unguwanni. A baya Turawa sun riƙa amfani da wannan wasali a matsayin gaɓa amma daga baya ƙa’idar rubutun daidaitacciyar Hausa ta hana. Misalan yadda ake amfani da ‘a’ a matsayin gaɓa shi ne kamar haka:
Kuskure Daidai
Asia Asiya
Zaria Zariya
‘Yar’adua ‘Yar’aduwa
Kachia Kaciya
Gashua Gashuwa
India Indiya
Liberia Laberiya
d.s
• Amfani da Tagwayen Wasula:- Ana amfani da tagwayen wasula guda uku (3) a daidaitacciyar Hausa. Waɗannan tagwayen wasula kamar yadda aka kawo su a baya su ne; ‘ai’ da ‘au’ da ‘ui’. Amma wasu mutane suna amfani da tilon wasali a wurin da ya dace a yi amfani da tagwan wasali, wannan kuskure ne bisa ƙa’idar rubutun daidaitacciyar Hausa. Misalan kurakuran da ake yi wajen amfani gajeren wasali a maimakon tagwan wasali shi ne kamar haka:
Kuskure Daidai
temako taimaka
ƙose ƙosai
meta maita
reni raini
fefe faifai
lema laima
sheda shaida
tsotsayi tsautsayi
d.s
Za mu dakata a nan sai Allah Ya kai mu darasi na gaba, inda za kawo wuraren da ake haɗewa da rabe kalma a rubutun daidaitacciyar Hausa.
